Summary – The new mining toolbox will start slow worldwide, but as the pipelines fill with new opportunities, microbial access facilitates adoption, and technology advances will accelerate. It is likely, in short order, 3-5 years, that new opportunities in therapeutics will impact rare and orphan diseases. Other life science areas will also benefit, including agrochemicals, sustainability, remediation, carbon capture, advanced energy, and cosmetics. Within ten years of execution and widespread adoption, most pipelines will be traced to the opportunity of untapped microbes of the earth.”- Ross Youngs